{"id":1776,"date":"2019-06-10T19:48:31","date_gmt":"2019-06-10T19:48:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/?p=1776"},"modified":"2023-01-01T23:01:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-01T23:01:23","slug":"2000ad-the-sci-fi-comic-universe-youve-probably-never-heard-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/2019\/06\/10\/2000ad-the-sci-fi-comic-universe-youve-probably-never-heard-of\/","title":{"rendered":"2000AD, the sci-fi universe you\u2019ve never heard of"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>During the 70s, comic book characters in the US were still relatively light and fluffy. Wholesome heroes like Superman and Batman would triumph over evil, occasionally punch a Nazi in the nose and continually fight for truth, justice and the American way. Meanwhile\u2026over on the other side of the Pond, quite the opposite was happening. An underground anti-establishment movement was gathering momentum.<\/p>\n<p>Britain in the 70s was a troubled country, to say the least. The so-called Swinging Sixties were long since gone. There was political tension, a mounting series of economic crises and labor union strikes. There was growing dissatisfaction among the young, many of who were unemployed and there was a feeling that the established order was ready to be overthrown. This feeling significantly influenced music, magazines, fashion and ultimately pop-culture in general, the result of which was a new era in comic-book stories and characters.<\/p>\n<p>As 1975 came to a close, the thoughts of Kelvin Gosnell weren\u2019t on seasonal frivolities, he was thinking instead about a new wave of science fiction films he\u2019d been reading about. He was an associate editor at IPC Magazines \u2013 once a UK publishing giant that also gave the world NME and Loaded \u2013 and he was wondering how they could jump on this bandwagon.<\/p>\n<p>London\u2019s local newspaper, The Evening Standard, had recently printed a story about how a couple of up-and-coming Hollywood directors were investing heavily in sci-fi \u2013 a genre that hadn\u2019t been taken seriously in the cinema since the 50s. Gosnell pitched a few ideas and IPC asked Pat Mills, a freelance writer who had created boy\u2019s comics Battle Picture Weekly and Action, to help develop it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cComics in the 70s, particularly boy\u2019s comics, were going through a really bad time, they weren\u2019t selling very well,\u201d says Mills.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1777\" style=\"width: 632px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2000AD-logo.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1777\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1777\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1777 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2000AD-logo.jpg\" alt=\"The iconic logo that was used on the front cover throughout the 70s\" width=\"622\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2000AD-logo.jpg 622w, https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2000AD-logo-300x154.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1777\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The iconic logo that was used on the front cover throughout the 70s<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cUp until then, comics had been written by people who really didn\u2019t want to be writing comics, they wanted to be writing proper novels or articles for proper magazines. The artists really wanted to be proper magazine illustrators instead of largely slumming it in comics and the editors were all waiting until they could get onto a proper job like being editor of Practical Gardening,\u201d says artist Dave Gibbons, whose impressive portfolio includes Rogue Trooper and the Watchmen.<\/p>\n<p>Mills took the helm and knew immediately the direction he wanted to go in. \u201cThe people that were chosen to work on the comic had to have a certain counter-culture attitude,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Fellow writer John Wagner was brought on board and they all began to develop characters. A number of different ideas were considered for the title, but the futuristic-sounding 2000AD was chosen, which in 1975 was 25 years into the future, far enough into the future for IPC to be confident that the comic wouldn\u2019t last that long.<\/p>\n<p>For his model, Mills wasn\u2019t looking to America. He didn\u2019t look at superhero material, because he doesn\u2019t like superheroes. He was looking at France, where you had magazines like Metal Hurlant, which had launched only a year previously and contained visionary science fiction and fantasy stories and artwork by the likes of Jean Giraud and Jean-Michel Charlier, that had never been seen before anywhere in the world.<\/p>\n<p>Tapping heavily into cinematic culture from the period, including Rollerball, Jaws and The Wild Bunch \u2013 all movies that kids weren\u2019t allowed to see, Mills did not hold back with amount of violence in his stories.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt was the 70s, that\u2019s what culture was like, you just have to look at the sheer level of nihilism and brutality in cinema at the time,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOne of the big appeals for me for 2000AD as a child was the fact that it was insanely violent,\u201d laughs Andy Diggle, former 2000AD Editor in Chief.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1778\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Blockwar.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1778\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1778\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1778\" src=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Blockwar-848x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Block war! The iconic cover of prog 182 by Brian Bolland was emulated in the movie Judge Dredd (1995) starring Sylvester Stallone\" width=\"600\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Blockwar-848x1024.jpg 848w, https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Blockwar-249x300.jpg 249w, https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Blockwar-768x927.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Blockwar.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1778\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Block war! The iconic cover of prog 182 by Brian Bolland was emulated in the movie Judge Dredd (1995)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cWe don\u2019t call it violence in comics, we call it action,\u201d says Strontium Dog writer Alan Grant.<\/p>\n<p>Such an example was Flesh, one of the first strips developed for the comic, set in an age where cowboys time travel to harvest the meat from dinosaurs. And then there was Judge Dredd.<\/p>\n<p>Wagner had written various Dirty Harry-inspired \u2018no-nonsense cop\u2019 stories for other comics and suggested a character that might take that idea to its logical extreme. The name Judge Dredd came from a combination of concepts and the task of visualizing this new character was given to Carlos Ezquerra, a Spanish artist who had previously worked for Mills on Battle Picture Weekly.<\/p>\n<p>Ezquerra was given a poster for the film Death Race 2000, showing the character Frankenstein clad in black leather on a motorbike, as a starting point. Ezquerra made some adjustments and created the world of Mega-City One. Artist Mike McMahon drew the first strip for Judge Dredd for issue two of 2000AD that went on sale on 5th March, 1977. Before long, he became the most popular character in the comic and has appeared in almost every issue since.<\/p>\n<p>Set after the Atomic Wars of 2070, the entire population of the USA is contained within three enormous mega cities, each home to about a billion citizens. The only thing that prevents civilization from descending into chaos in this dystopian future and destroying itself is the savage arm of the law. Called the Judges, they are the police and they are the military. Judge Dredd is a law enforcement officer in Mega-City One, which covers the entire eastern seaboard, from the Canadian border to the southern tip of Florida and stretching as far inland as Atlanta. He is a \u2018street judge\u2019, empowered to summarily arrest, convict, sentence and execute criminals.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2000ADcharacters.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"click for full-size image\" src=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2000ADcharacters-small.jpg\" alt=\"click for full-size image\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">2000AD is home to a universe full of action, adventure, aliens and anti-heroes &gt;&gt;&gt; click for full-size image<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Judge Dredd was based in part on Margaret Thatcher and was ultimately a fascist. The more authoritarian Mills or Wagner made him, the more the readers loved him. He might work for a totalitarian state, but he was the good guy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe good thing about Dredd is that he does have a strong moral code. Albeit not one that we would necessarily agree with,\u201d says Wagner.<\/p>\n<p>Two attempts have been made to bring this iconic character to the big screen, firstly in Judge Dredd (1995) starring Sylvester Stallone and later Dredd (2012) starring Karl Urban. The former is mostly disregarded by fans and is generally considered a farce, but the latter is highly regarded as being faithful to the character.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to its unique portrayal of extreme right wing life under the Judges, 2000AD tackled other important issues of the time.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJust like many other kids my age, I read Dickens, and he is talking about the social evils of his day. So why shouldn\u2019t we talk about the social evils of our day?\u201d says Mills.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1781\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Anderson.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1781\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1781\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1781\" src=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Anderson.jpg\" alt=\"Judge Anderson is just one of many strong female characters that exist within the same totalitarian timeline as Dredd\" width=\"800\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Anderson.jpg 800w, https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Anderson-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Anderson-768x449.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1781\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judge Anderson is just one of many strong female characters that exist within the same totalitarian timeline as Dredd<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Another popular character in the comic was Johnny Alpha, also known as Strontium Dog. He\u2019s a mutant and in his world there\u2019s much hatred towards mutants from \u2018normals\u2019 as a result of political-induced paranoia. Considered a second-class citizen, becoming a bounty hunter and tracking criminals across the galaxy was the only job available to him and other mutants. The story leant heavily on themes of apartheid and racial segregation, which was a prominent issue in South Africa during the 80s.<\/p>\n<p>Nemesis the Warlock was a story where the entire human race were the bad guys. Created by Mills and artist Kevin O\u2019Neill, the title character was a fire-breathing demonic alien, fighting against the fanatical Terran Empire in Earth\u2019s distant future and their attempts to exterminate all alien life.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNemesis the Warlock is about xenophobia and racism. It\u2019s all broad brushstrokes, but I think it is great that that kind of stuff is dealt with on some level. Even if it\u2019s as simple as hating people is bad,\u201d says artist Matt Brooker.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat becomes plain in the later books is that he\u2019s taken his war too far and in the end the difference between Nemesis and [the Terran Empire] is shown as being next to nothing. They both end up trapped in this cycle of hate, one no better than the other. Which I thought was a fantastic ending, but again, it doesn\u2019t actually give you a sort of comfortable moral conclusion that good prevailed. It doesn\u2019t even tell you what good was.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeople were engaging with politics. With social circumstance, with poverty, with segregation, but in a really fun way. It didn\u2019t feel like watching the news. It got around that whole issue fatigue,\u201d says South African-raised Lauren Beukes, author of The Shining Girls and Broken Monsters.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1782\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dredd-movie-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1782\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1782\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1782\" src=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dredd-movie-1.jpg\" alt=\"Dredd (2012) starring Karl Urban is highly regarded by fans as being faithful to the character\" width=\"700\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dredd-movie-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dredd-movie-1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1782\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dredd (2012) starring Karl Urban is highly regarded by fans as being faithful to the character<\/p><\/div>\n<p>2000AD has also given us other memorable characters, many of whom co-exist within the same totalitarian timeline as Dredd, including Judge Hershey and Judge Anderson, both very strong female leads as well as totally different types like Rogue Trooper: a genetically enhanced super soldier, the comedy duo DR &amp; Quinch, ABC Warriors, Halo Jones and Bad Company. Why then, with such a strong stable of storylines, has 2000AD not made its mark like Marvel and DC?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s because they came out from America. If 2000AD characters had actually come out from Marvel or DC, we\u2019d have a whole studio full. It\u2019s that British label. Look at France, right? Val\u00e9rian and Laureline. All these great French characters, which influenced the look and feel of Blade Runner and Star Wars, but it\u2019s got to go through that American filter,\u201d says Mills.<\/p>\n<p>It might not have conquered Hollywood, but 2000AD recently celebrated its 40th birthday, testament to the fact that its characters remain interesting, relevant and beautifully illustrated. Few weekly compendiums of science fiction can honestly say they\u2019ve survived for four decades and had such an influence on contemporary culture, 2000AD can lay claim to both.<\/p>\n<p>From the Watchmen, RoboCop, Mad Max and Preacher to Batman as we see him today, we owe the gutsy, gritty reflection of our world in modern storytelling to the men and women who have worked on 2000AD.<\/p>\n<p>This article was published in <em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>During the 70s, comic book characters in the US were still relatively light and fluffy. Wholesome heroes like Superman and Batman would triumph over evil, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1776"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1776"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1776\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2090,"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1776\/revisions\/2090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottsnowden.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}